International Perspectives on the Death Penalty and Nigeria’s Compliance

Abstract

The death penalty remains a contentious issue in international human rights discourse, with a growing number of countries abolishing or restricting its use. This paper explores the continued relevance and necessity of capital punishment in Nigeria, despite global advocacy for its abolition. International organizations such as the United Nations (UN), Amnesty International, and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights have called for the restriction or elimination of the death penalty. However, Nigeria maintains its stance on capital punishment for serious crimes, including murder, armed robbery, and terrorism. The study examines Nigeria’s legal justifications for retaining the death penalty, highlighting its perceived role in deterring violent crime, ensuring justice for victims, and preserving national security. It also evaluates Nigeria’s obligations under international treaties such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. The paper argues that national sovereignty permits the enforcement of laws that reflect Nigeria’s unique socio-political context. Furthermore, the paper analyzes public perception, judicial and legislative trends, and the challenges posed by international pressure for abolition. It underscores the role of capital punishment in maintaining law and order, addressing security threats, and preserving cultural and legal traditions. Ultimately, the study defends Nigeria’s sovereign right to retain the death penalty as a legitimate tool of justice and deterrence, while considering reforms to ensure its fair and effective application.